Funding Medicare For All with Tax Reform

An unprecedented lobbying effort led up to the failure to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act. Insurance companies and Big Pharma spent heavily to protect their interests.

As reported in “Modern Healthcare,” 04/21/17, government lobbying disclosures revealed the five largest publicly traded insurance companies spent over $6 million total on lobbyists in first quarter 2017.  To be clear, this effort was not to find a way to protect the public interest. Among other provisions to the Affordable Care Act, insurers sought to eliminate the annual tax on health insurance companies that funds ACA subsidies for low-income enrollees.  

The insurance industry’s lobbying wave in the first quarter was dwarfed by the tsunami of the pharmaceutical industry.  According to “Kaiser Health News,” 04/21/17, 38 drug manufacturers and trade organizations spent $51 million in first quarter 2017, a 25% increase over first quarter 2016.  Big Pharma used 600 lobbyists in all. At stake are lower prices and increased competition.

America’s dependence on private insurance companies results in a large unproductive expense. While the administrative cost of Medicare is only 3%, private insurance companies have administrative expenses of 30%. Eliminating that unrewarding difference would go a long way towards covering more of the population at less cost. With fully 16% of the economy involved in healthcare, some regulation will be needed to curb abusive pricing practices and to put the breaks on runaway costs. Insurance companies and pharmaceutical manufacturers will spend heavily to sway Congress otherwise.

There are, of course, other crushing expenses of healthcare: preposterously high malpractice policy premiums that protect doctors and hospitals against unlimited “pain and suffering” judgments; the drag on hospitals created by ER’s which are open to the uninsured.

Citizens must pressure Congress to act for the common good. More funding will surely be needed, and the public needs to decide whether it is willing to pay for all the benefits wanted. Ultimately, it comes down to how — and how much — we would pay for healthcare. The public must make it possible for politicians to do the right thing.

As we have already experienced with the ACA, young people tend to postpone insurance expense, betting on their youthful vigor. And, many ultra-wealthy taxpayers would surely forego a contribution and tax deduction rather than support illegal aliens.

The secure approach would employ tax reform in a plan that would curtail lobbying for loopholes while it funded basic insurance for the nation — Medicare For All (MFA). Medicare works (3% administrative expense), and it is well liked. The Gallup Organization polled insured Americans for satisfaction with their health insurance, and the winner is Medicare (75%), well above employer paid insurance (66%).

The country could move to MFA and leave private insurers to compete for supplemental policies, much as they do now. According to Pew Research (01/13/17), 60% say the federal government should ensure healthcare for all Americans.

Paying for MFA could be accomplished with a dedicated sales tax replacing the Corporate Income Tax. The public would understand exactly what it is paying for healthcare, noting the percentage tax on all consumed goods and services. If this percent reaches a ceiling of acceptance, the public will come to understand the need to curtail covered expenses.

The ideal form of the sales tax would be a value added tax, since it would be applied equally to imported goods as to domestic production and would eliminate a competitive disadvantage for American companies and workers. (VAT would also be subtracted from exports making US goods more competitive abroad. VAT’s are already in use by every US trading partner, so this would be a reciprocal tax policy. VAT differs from a retail sales tax in that it is collected at each stage of production; the percentage and tax is the same.)

Implementing a VAT sales tax across the board without exceptions would assure the broadest base and the lowest needed percentage. Any one exception would produce a clamor from lobbyists for various clients’ desired tax loopholes, ergo no exceptions means no lobbying for loopholes and “draining the swamp”.

The VAT sales tax would collect from the illicit drug trade and from illegal aliens, too; those individuals would pay substantial taxes as they consume goods and services. Unlike the income tax, the VAT will affect them equally. The consumption tax would apply to hundreds of billions of dollars of transactions per year and would reduce the percentage tax for the rest of us.

The consumption tax burden for the lowest incomes would be relieved through the Earned Income Tax Credit, and funded by a more progressive tax code that affects the uppermost income segments. Note, it is consumers who (indirectly) pay the current corporate income tax when their purchases make corporations profitable. Also, when considering the burden of the corporate consumption tax, it is important to remember it would replace the cost of basic health insurance premiums.

The concept of a border-adjustable tax had been a keystone of the Republican tax reform plan (see the Trump campaign’s economic white paper written by Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross and economist Peter Navarro), but it was recently dropped from consideration due to lobbying pressure from the retail industry and importers. It would be smart for Democrats to seize the concept as their own (much as Gov. Jerry Brown did in 1992 when he ran for president). The idea of a VAT replacing other taxes has more recently been endorsed by President Clinton to level the playing field for American workers.

This healthcare solution is what we could have…if we could only break the stranglehold of corporate lobbyists on the Congress.

 

Trump Wants to Exempt US from Mexico’s VAT? The Real Antidote Is a VAT of Our Own.

For the first time in seven presidential election cycles, Value Added Tax has entered the arena of a presidential campaign.  Not since Gov. Jerry Brown focused his 1992 presidential campaign on sweeping tax reform including a VAT had a would-be president boldly suggested a VAT.  In this cycle, both Sen. Ted Cruz and Sen. Rand Paul brought forward tax plans with value-added consumption taxes.

During the first debate with Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump pointed to the trade advantage of Mexico’s 16% VAT, which is subtracted from exports.  Mr. Trump suggested he would negotiate an exemption for the US from Mexico’s VAT.

A more realistic solution to the existing price wedge of the VAT between the US and Mexico — and over 160 countries using VAT’s — would be for the US to adopt a VAT of its own in replacement for other taxes, i.e., the Corporate Income Tax (CIT).

Why does every US trading partner employ a VAT?  Because it eliminates the cost of government represented by the tax from the price/value relationship of goods crossing borders.  VAT is added to imports (to match the domestic VAT percentage), and subtracted from exports to permit the importing country to add its own VAT without doubling up on the exporting country’s tax.  That is, VAT is a border-adjustable, destination based tax perfectly suited to this era of globalization.

The usual argument made against the US using a VAT is that it would be used to raise tax revenues to fuel social programs and put the country on a path to socialism.  Opponents allude to the high percentage of tax revenues raised by VAT’s in France and Scandinavian countries.  But, there is nothing that prevents a VAT from being used as a revenue-neutral replacement for other taxes, or for that matter, within an overall revenue cut.  Fear of VAT extends mostly from the notion of using VAT as an “add-on” tax base which it need not be.

Nor is there any justification to assume that the revenues raised by a US VAT would increase as a matter of course.  Among the major US trading partners within the 35 OECD members, the percentage VAT revenue to GDP did not explode over the fifteen years from 2000 to 2014 (the last year reported):

VAT Revenue  % GDP 2000 2111 2014   VAT % Total Tax Revenue 2000 2011 2014
France 7.4 7.0 6.9     16.7 19.7 15.4
Italy 6.5 6.2 6.0     15.4 14.4 13.8
Germany 6.9 7.3 7.0     18.4 19.4 19.3
Japan 2.4 2.7 3.7     14.4 14.4 13.8
Spain 6.1 5.3 6.0     16.6 12.6 16.6
United Kingdom 6.6 7.4 6.9     18.1 20.5 21.2
Canada 3.2 4.1 4.1     9.2 13.3 13.1
Mexico 3.1 3.7 3.9     18.7 19.0 n/a

Source: OECD Consumption Tax Trends, 2014

The meaningful trend among our trading partners is to increase revenues from the consumption tax while reducing CIT revenues.  Japan, for example, raised its VAT rate from 5% in 2013 to 8%, and has planned to raise it to 10% in 2017.  Concurrently, however, Japan reduced the CIT rate from 39.5% to 32.11% in 2013 and will drop its rate further to 29.74% in its 2016 fiscal year.

If the US were to replace the CIT by a VAT, it would put the US on a more competitive footing by eliminating a trade disadvantage.  This change would be positive for economic growth.  With zero corporate income tax, profits parked abroad by multi-national corporations would flow to the US.  The incentive for inversions would disappear along with the corrupting process of lobbying for loopholes.  Trump’s economic advisor, Peter Navarro, has a handle on the VAT concept.  For a full explanation of the impact on US trade, VATinfo has posted a 9-minute video with an explanation and support of VAT from Bill Clinton.

POTUS Campaign | “Free” Trade & VAT Tax Reform

It is little wonder that middle-class workers are flocking to the speeches of Sen. Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump.  Twenty-five years of “free” trade agreements have eroded the hope of millions of Americans for higher-wage manufacturing jobs, which have fallen by nearly one-third since 1990 accompanied by stagnant wages.

What policies might help to stop the bleeding?  Mr. Trump sees tariffs, which could threaten world trade and cause economies to implode.  Secretary Hillary Clinton and Sen. Sanders envision higher education as a ladder to higher paying employment, but that is a longer-term solution based upon speculation that those jobs can and will be created in sufficient numbers.

Most effective in the short-term would be a shift in the way we tax corporations to match our global competition.  Changing to a Value Added Tax as a replacement for the Corporate Income Tax would go a long way towards making American workers more competitive.  How?  Because VATs are border-adjustable, i.e., subtracted from exports and added to imports to eliminate the cost of government from the price/value relationship of goods crossing borders.  For example, China has a 17% VAT that is added to their imports, and 17% is subtracted from the price of their exports.  That is a big difference, coming and going.  Likewise, Germany has a 19% VAT that has enabled their higher-wage country to still be very competitive with higher wages.

Among the presidential candidates, the only remaining contender proposing this shift in how we tax ourselves is Sen. Cruz.  Whether you like his other positions or not, this tax reform deserves your support.  Sen. Paul has proposed a similar plan.  This should not be a partisan issue.  Gov. Jerry Brown ran for president in 1992 based upon the same tax reform.  President Bill Clinton has endorsed the concept, and so have many labor leaders.  Will Hillary Clinton…or Donald Trump?

It’s time we got smart about how we tax ourselves, if we want to compete in the world economy.  It’s time for VAT.

“Free” Trade & Tax Reform | Carrier’s Move to Mexico

Here’s the good news for employees at the Carrier plant in Indianapolis — the next Carrier air conditioner they buy will be cheaper.  The bad news is Carrier’s jobs are moving to Mexico, and the employees’ next jobs will likely pay them less.  (See: “Carrier Workers See Costs, Not Benefits, of Global Trade,” The New York Times, March 20, 2016)

“This is strictly a business decision!,” CEO Robert McDonough told an assemblage of Carrier’s workers about the outsourcing plans that will cost them their jobs. This explanation was met with boos and curses. To help discarded employees, the company promised to pay for four years of additional education, but many older workers feel it is too late for them.  Carrier wages averaged $20 or more per hour, and jobs at the adjacent Amazon warehouse average just over $15 per hour.

We can presume that Mr. McDonough, as most public company CEO’s, is under pressure from parent United Technologies management and stockholders to increase profits any way they can.  And, with global competition, “You can blink and see your market position erode,” he said.  In a subsequent address to a gathering of financial analysts Mr. McDonough went further: “We’ve shifted an abundant part of our manufacturing footprint to relatively lower cost countries, about two-thirds.  Still, there’s some opportunity there.”

We can’t blame UT management for the outsourcing decision, which is a consequence of government policies and free trade agreements.  But it is also important to note that corporations have pushed Congress for these trade agreements, which enable outsourcing in the search for higher profits.  Then, too, there is no faster way for top management to increase the value of their stock options than to dramatically lower the cost of labor through outsourcing.  The result is a deck stacked against the American worker, now in competition with cheaper wages in other countries.

It is little wonder that middle-class workers are flocking to the speeches of Sen. Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump.  Twenty-five years of “free” trade agreements have eroded the hope of millions of Americans for higher-wage manufacturing jobs, which have fallen by nearly one-third since 1990 accompanied by stagnant wages.

What policies might help to stop the bleeding?  Mr. Trump sees tariffs, which could threaten world trade and cause economies to implode.  Secretary Hillary Clinton and Sen. Sanders envision higher education as a ladder to higher paying employment, but that is a longer-term solution based upon speculation that those jobs can and will be created in sufficient numbers.

Most effective in the short-term would be a shift in the way we tax corporations to match our global competition.  Changing to a Value Added Tax as a replacement for the Corporate Income Tax would go a long way towards making American workers more competitive.  How?  Because VATs are border-adjustable, i.e., subtracted from exports and added to imports to eliminate the cost of government from the price/value relationship of goods crossing borders.  For example, China has a 17% VAT that is added to their imports, and 17% is subtracted from the price of their exports.  That is a big difference, coming and going.  Likewise, Germany has a 19% VAT that has enabled their higher-wage country to still be very competitive with higher wages.

Among the presidential candidates, the only remaining contender proposing this shift in how we tax ourselves is Sen. Cruz.  Whether you like his other positions or not, this tax reform deserves your support.  Sen. Paul has proposed a similar plan.  This should not be a partisan issue.  Gov. Jerry Brown ran for president in 1992 based upon the same tax reform.  President Bill Clinton has endorsed the concept, and so have many labor leaders.  Will Hillary?  Will Donald?

It’s time we got smart about how we tax ourselves, if we want to compete in the world economy.  It’s time for VAT.

Marco Rubio Attacks Ted Cruz on Tax Reform

Sen. Rubio’s attack on Sen. Cruz has taken an unfortunate turn. Sen. Rubio has called Sen. Cruz’s tax reform plan “sneaky” and a “liberal scheme” supported by President Obama and Nancy Pelosi. That’s laughable on the face, but may sadly prove effective.

Opponents of VAT fear that its simplicity would encourage more taxation and spending, but they focus on the VAT being an “add-on” tax and not a replacement for other taxes. As Larry Summers said, “Liberals think VAT is regressive and conservatives think it’s a money machine. We’ll get a VAT when they reverse their positions.” With proposals from Sen. Cruz and Sen. Paul replacing the Corporate Income Tax by a VAT, perhaps this is a sign that the time has come.

The VAT itself is not a tool to deliver more expensive social programs.  VAT should be seen for what it is…an efficient mechanism for raising revenue and partially leveling the playing field in trade.  How we use the funds raised and how much revenue we should raise are separate issues, and should be debated separately.

The U.S. is at a major competitive disadvantage without a VAT of its own. All our trading partners utilize a VAT, as do over 160 countries today.  Far from a “European-style” tax, VAT is the world class tax system for international trade.

Our trading partners tack on significant VAT percentages to our goods and services as they cross their borders, a de facto tariff. For example, China adds 17% VAT to their imports from the U.S. and Germany adds 19%, just below the European average. Were the U.S. to replace the CIT by a VAT, it would remove this competitive disadvantage; U.S. exports would be cheaper and our imports..which arrive with the exporting country’s VAT subtracted..would face the same taxes as domestically produced goods and services.

Eliminating the CIT would end the incentive for multi-national corporations to park profits in lower-taxed countries. Forget inversion mergers. With zero CIT, the U.S. would become the lowest income tax country and capital would flow back to our shores. Foreign multi-national companies, too, would seek to move profits retained elsewhere to the U.S. Gone would be the double-taxation of dividends; stock market values should soar.

VAT remains a hot potato. To date, no Democrat for the presidency since Jerry Brown in 1992 has dared to raise the issue of a consumption tax.  Hillary Clinton will probably not mention VAT, even though President Clinton has previously endorsed the concept of VAT replacing other taxes.

Value-Added Taxation in Canada: GST, HST, and QST (5th edition), Ryan global tax services, publ. by Wolters Kluwer, 12/2015

Value-Added Taxation in Canada is an in-depth analysis of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), its harmonized counterpart (HST) currently applicable in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario, and Prince Edward Island, and the Quebec Sales Tax (QST). The book combines discussion on the theoretical and practical questions posed by Canada’s value-added taxes, with an emphasis on the implications for private and public sector taxpayers. The authors have integrated commentary on the impact of all three taxes (GST, HST, and QST) in each topical area. These taxes are referenced extensively throughout the book, providing insight into the legislation and administrative policy at both the federal and provincial level.

This fifth edition of this essential reference has been updated to reflect applicable legislation, regulations, government policies, and proposed amendments as of September 2015.